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  • All about Grammar & Tenses - The correct way to say/use .... ask it here !!

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Olli3
All about Grammar & Tenses - The correct way to say/use .... ask it here !!
Well, Helloooo ^^

I've noticed some mistranslation or misused words, phrases, etc here and there. And instead of posting it somewhere at the available threads to avoid the chance of having it lost or forgotten, I just thought it would be great if it had its own thread. I hope it's OK with you, Mod emoticon-Smilie

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OK, I know sometimes we translate literally from Indo to English. I know I did, well I do...sometimes emoticon-Wink So here are the correct way to say some in English:

-Thanks before = emoticon-thumbdown
-Thanks in advance, thanks beforehand = emoticon-thumbsup:
*
-Beside of that = emoticon-thumbdown
-Besides = emoticon-thumbsup:
*
-Worthed = emoticon-thumbdown
-Worth it = emoticon-thumbsup:

Using "Worth" in a sentence:
-It is worth more than a penny = emoticon-thumbsup:
-That thing is not worth doing = emoticon-thumbsup:
-It worths more than a penny = emoticon-thumbdown
*
Here's funny one and I still can't believe people still use it. emoticon-Wink

A: Thank you.
B: Come back, same-same = emoticon-thumbdown

A: Thank you
B: You're welcome, no problem, don't mention it, don't worry about it = emoticon-thumbsup:
*
A friend of mine said this a while back:

I'm going to leave too long for me to tell you when I will be home.

Bemused at first, then finally understood what he meant. So, the best way:

I'm going to leave indefinitely
*
-I'm going walking-walking at the beach = emoticon-thumbdown
-I'm taking a stroll along the beach = emoticon-thumbsup:
*
-He ran like he was chased by a ghost = emoticon-thumbdown
-He ran as if he was chased by a ghost = emoticon-thumbsup:

How to use Like? Don't use it as a conjunction. Usually Like is followed by an object.
E.g. He looks like you.
*
-Do you want to eat outside? = emoticon-thumbdown
-Do you want to eat out? = emoticon-thumbsup:

#1: Loose for lose
emoticon-thumbdown I always loose the product key.
emoticon-thumbsup: I always lose the product key.

#2: It's for its (or god forbid, its'emoticon-Wink
emoticon-thumbdown Download the HTA, along with it's readme file.
emoticon-thumbsup: Download the HTA, along with its readme file.

emoticon-thumbdown The laptop is overheating and its making that funny noise again.
emoticon-thumbsup: The laptop is overheating and it's making that funny noise again.

#3: They're for their for there
emoticon-thumbdown The managers are in they're weekly planning meeting.
emoticon-thumbsup: The managers are in their weekly planning meeting.

emoticon-thumbdown The techs have to check there cell phones at the door, and their not happy about it.
emoticon-thumbsup: The techs have to check their cell phones at the door, and they're not happy about it.

#4: i.e. for e.g.
emoticon-thumbdown Use an anti-spyware program (i.e., Ad-Aware).
emoticon-thumbsup: Use an anti-spyware program (e.g., Ad-Aware).
Note:
The term i.e. means "that is"; e.g. means "for example". And a comma follows both of them.


#5: Effect for affect
emoticon-thumbdown The outage shouldn't effect any users during work hours.
emoticon-thumbsup: The outage shouldn't affect any users during work hours.
emoticon-thumbsup: The outage shouldn't have any effect on users.
emoticon-thumbsup: We will effect several changes during the downtime.

Note:
Impact is not a verb. Purists, at least, beg you to use affect instead.

emoticon-thumbdown The outage shouldn't impact any users during work hours.
emoticon-thumbsup: The outage shouldn't affect any users during work hours.
emoticon-thumbsup: The outage should have no impact on users during work hours.

#6: You're for your
emoticon-thumbdown Remember to defrag you're machine on a regular basis.
emoticon-thumbsup: Remember to defrag your machine on a regular basis.

emoticon-thumbdown Your right about the changes.
emoticon-thumbsup: You're right about the changes.

#7: Different than for different from
emoticon-thumbdown This setup is different than the one at the main office.
emoticon-thumbsup: This setup is different from the one at the main office.
emoticon-thumbsup: This setup is better than the one at the main office.

#8 Lay for lie
emoticon-thumbdown I got dizzy and had to lay down.
emoticon-thumbsup: I got dizzy and had to lie down.
emoticon-thumbsup: Just lay those books over there.

#9: Then for than
emoticon-thumbdown The accounting department had more problems then we did.
emoticon-thumbsup: The accounting department had more problems than we did.

Note:
Here's a sub-peeve. When a sentence construction begins with If, you don't need a then. Then is implicit, so it's superfluous and wordy.

emoticon-thumbdown If you can't get Windows to boot, then you'll need to call Ted.
emoticon-thumbsup: If you can't get Windows to boot, you'll need to call Ted.

#10: Could of, would of for could have, would have
emoticon-thumbdown I could of installed that app by mistake.
emoticon-thumbsup: I could have installed that app by mistake.

emoticon-thumbdown I would of sent you a meeting notice, but you were out of town.
emoticon-thumbsup: I would have sent you a meeting notice, but you were out of town.

#11 Entitle for deserve

emoticon-thumbdown He did a lot of bad things in the past. He is entitled to have bad karma.
emoticon-thumbsup: He did a lot of bad things in the past. He deserves bad karma.

Entitle is mostly used to furnish with a right or claim to something/someone, mostly in a good way.
emoticon-thumbsup: The coupon entitles the bearer to a 25 percent savings.

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I remember Ross had an argument with the other "Friends" gang about WHO, WHOM, and WHOSE.

WHO is used to ask which person does an action.
E.g. Who is going to pay for it?

WHOM is used to ask which person receives an action.
E.g. Whom did he blame for the loss?

WHOSE is used to ask which person something belongs to.
E.g. Whose Ipod is this?

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English words with disputed usage: (It means they are still debatable, and most of them are not even Standard English but widely used in public.)

A very intriguing question from Waffen-SS:

Comprise, are/is comprised of, constitute, consist of
.

are/is comprised of is still debatable. My suggestion is NOT using it at all.

Comprise ->
1. to include especially within a particular scope;
2. to be made up of;
3. compose, constitute

Consist ->
1. lie, reside (used with in);
2. a. exist, be; b. to be capable of existing;
3. to be compsed or made up (used with of);
4. to be consistent

The programme comprises two short plays. = emoticon-thumbsup:
The programme consisted of two short plays. = emoticon-thumbsup:
The club house constitutes more than 70% of the residents = emoticon-thumbsup:

Rooms comprise a house = disputed usage
A house is comprised of rooms = disputed usage
*

Ain't Originally a contraction of "am not", this word is widely used as a replacement for "aren't", "isn't", "haven't" and "hasn't". It is not a Standard English. Only use it for informal conversation or writings.
*

Alright An alternative to "all right" that some consider illiterate but others allow.
*

GOT for Has/Have

A: What kind of shirt do you got there?
B: I got a black shirt
= Disputed usage, widely used.

A: What kind of shirt do you have there?
B: I have a black shirt.
= emoticon-thumbsup:
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Not one of those how to say/use. Just several useful tips to improve your writing skill.

NON-FICTION

#1 Start with a topic. Brainstorming is always a good way to start. Simply make a list of topics you would like to write on a piece of paper.

#2 Please, and by all means, do some research on each of them. Try to gather enough information before you start doing the first draft.

#3 People often make mistakes by squishing in every single word to the essay as an attempt to make it look longer, and that includes rambling about “out of the topic” materials. Just simply focus on one topic. If you think it is too short, move on to the next one. If it’s too broad, vague, then try to get more specific topic.

#4 Begin to write your first draft of the topic of your choice. It’s OK to be messy at first. That’s why we call it, first draft.

#5 Every essay starts with an introduction, contents, and conclusion. Don’t leave your readers hanging by not including the conclusion. One important thing when it comes about writing non-fiction essay, don’t leave your readers with more questions for you to answer.

#6 Check your first draft. Do more research if it’s necessary and begin composing your second draft, third, and so on until you think you are comfortable enough to write your final essay. Remember to always check for misspelled, grammar errors, etc.

#7 Begin typing your final essay.

#8 Voila! You are done!


FICTION

It follows the same pattern, but Fiction has more requirements, such as character development, outtakes, POV, plot, dialogues, setting, and of course…your imagination. Pay attention to the rules as well.

For examples:
-Italic in fiction/novels is to indicate character’s thought process.

-Quotation mark is for dialogues

-And many more.


*Tips:

-Avoid using many who, which, etc.

-Try not to use the same word in one sentence or a paragraph over and over.
Good: "Are you crazy?!" He yelled. I couldn't believe he just bellowed at me.
Bad: "Are you crazy?!" He yelled. I couldn't believe he just yelled at me.

-Try to condense instead of starting a new sentence each time unless you want to use it for a dramatic purpose.
Good: I didn't go to school that day because I was sick.
Bad: I didn't go to school that day. I was sick.

-Lastly, be careful in using dot (.) in your sentence or paragraph. It could be misleading. I think it's better if we just avoid using (......) unless you know how to use it correctly. I know stopping a habit can be pain in the a**, I tend to use it in the wrong context as well (*guilty*)
Good: "He is a ... killer." --> Ellipsis (...) is used to indicate a pause.
Bad: Hello, my name is John........I am a student....... ---> It looks like a fill-in-the-blank, ey?


Generally, Essay should be double-spaced, one inch margins, 10-12 Times New Roman or Arial. Unless, your teacher, or whoever wants it gives you specific instruction.
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Hope it's useful.

Feel free to add more. Or ask emoticon-Smilie

Thank you for the contribution! (sneepeur, bhre_z, ritzhi)
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#11
Tenses Part 3
Present Perfect

FORM
[has/have + past participle]

Examples:
* You have seen that movie many times.
* Have you seen that movie many times?
* You have not seen that movie many times.

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:
* I have seen that movie twenty times.
* I think I have met him once before.
* There have been many earthquakes in California.
* People have traveled to the Moon.
* People have not traveled to Mars.
* Have you read the book yet?
* Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
* A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?
The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics:

TOPIC 1 Experience
You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

Examples:
* I have been to France.
This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
* I have been to France three times.
You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
* I have never been to France.
This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
* I think I have seen that movie before.
* He has never traveled by train.
* Joan has studied two foreign languages.
* A: Have you ever met him?
B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time
We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

Examples:
* You have grown since the last time I saw you.
* The government has become more interested in arts education.
* Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.
* My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments
We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.

Examples:
* Man has walked on the Moon.
* Our son has learned how to read.
* Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
* Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting
We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

Examples:
* James has not finished his homework yet.
* Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
* Bill has still not arrived.
* The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.

Examples:
* The army has attacked that city five times.
* I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
* We have had many major problems while working on this project.
* She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect
When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

Examples:
* Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
* I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
* They have had three tests in the last week.
* She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.
* My car has broken down three times this week.

NOTICE
"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.

Examples:

* I went to Mexico last year.
I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one.
* I have been to Mexico in the last year.
I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now.

USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

Examples:
* I have had a cold for two weeks.
* She has been in England for six months.
* Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:
* You have only seen that movie one time.
* Have you only seen that movie one time?

-Source-


Present Perfect Continuous

FORM
[has/have + been + present participle]

Examples:
* You have been waiting here for two hours.
* Have you been waiting here for two hours?
* You have not been waiting here for two hours.

USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.

Examples:
* They have been talking for the last hour.
* She has been working at that company for three years.
* What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes?
* James has been teaching at the university since June.
* We have been waiting here for over two hours!
* Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?

USE 2 Recently, Lately

You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for two weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.

Examples:
* Recently, I have been feeling really tired.
* She has been watching too much television lately.
* Have you been exercising lately?
* Mary has been feeling a little depressed.
* Lisa has not been practicing her English.
* What have you been doing?

IMPORTANT
Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or "recently." If you use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you been feeling alright?", it can suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as "Have you been smoking?" can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs
It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Present Perfect.

Examples:
* Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct
* Sam has had his car for two years. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:
* You have only been waiting here for one hour.
* Have you only been waiting here for one hour?

-Source-
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