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Indonesia at ‘High Risk’ of Defense Sector Corruption
More than two-thirds of countries, including many of the world’s largest arms traders, have inadequate safeguards to prevent corruption in their defense sectors — and Indonesia ranks among the worst, says an anticorruption watchdog survey.
Germany and Australia are the only countries out of 82 surveyed by Transparency International UK with strong anticorruption mechanisms, according to what the watchdog calls the first index of how governments counter corruption in defense.
Fifty-seven of the countries, almost 70 percent, had poor controls against corruption, said the survey, which rated governments by criteria such as strength of parliamentary oversight of defense policy and standards expected of defense firms.
On a scale of A to F, Indonesia scored an E — meaning that it is considered to be at “very high risk” of corruption — along with countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. In terms of political corruption, the report says that the House of Representatives’ Commission I “is seen to perform inconsistently, while the remit of the Corruption Eradication Commission [KPK] does not extend to security.”
A number of civil society groups have accused the Indonesian Defense Ministry for doing markups in several military procurement projects.
In October last year, a coalition of civil groups, such as the Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence (Kontras), reported Defense Minister Purnomo Yusgiantoro to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), citing a discrepancy between the government’s $470 million purchase of six Russian Sukhoi fighter jets and the actual price tag of $328.8 million.
Kontras coordinator Haris Azhar said that in the 2011 revised state budget, the government allocated Rp 237.5 billion ($25 million) for five units of Sukhoi engines. Each jet has two engines.
At the same time, he added, the ministry said it would use $470 million to purchase 12 units of engines on top of six jets.
“This means there was double budgeting,” he said.
Purnomo firmly denied any wrongdoing over the fighters.
In November, Cabinet Secretary Dipo Alam reported a number of lawmakers at Commission I and the Defense Ministry officials to the KPK for collusion in the purchase of Leopard tanks from the Germany.
“With regard to financial integrity, there appears to be no effective control or oversight of asset disposals, with strong suspicions of related impropriety,” the report said about Indonesia, adding that “purchases from suppliers belonging to a range of countries are publicly announced and covered in the media. Yet corruption is known to be heavy, lifting prices and creating uncertainty on the validity of procurement processes.”
The 82 countries surveyed account for 94 percent of global military expenditure in 2011, worth $1.6 trillion, while the global cost of corruption in the defense sector is estimated to be at least $20 billion a year, the watchdog said.
Mark Pyman, director of Transparency International UK’s defense and security program, said he hoped the survey would help to improve anticorruption policies.
Corruption is dangerous, he said, because troops “may well have equipment that doesn’t work.”
Countries with poor anticorruption controls included two-thirds of the largest arms importers assessed in the survey and half of the biggest arms exporters.
China, Russia and Israel, all leading arms exporters, were considered to be at high risk of corruption in their defense sectors. Among top arms importers, India, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Thailand and Turkey were in the high-risk category.
Nine countries — Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Libya, Syria and Yemen — are at “critical risk” of corruption in their defense sector, lacking basic accountability measures, the survey said.
The United States, Britain, Sweden and South Korea were among countries judged to be at low risk, while France, Spain, Italy and Poland are in the moderate-risk group.
The survey looked not only at the potential for corruption in defense contracts, but also the risk of abuse of defense budgets and risk of corruption in the armed forces.
Governments surveyed were given the chance to review Transparency International’s findings.
Pyman said a “shocking” result of the survey was that in half of the countries surveyed, the defense budget was either not public or contained no breakdown of defense spending.
Only 12 percent of countries surveyed had “highly effective” parliamentary scrutiny of defense policy and only a handful protected whistleblowers.
Europe has seen a recent wave of high-profile cases of alleged corruption in defense.
sumber: http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/...ruption/568418
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dan kpk susah masuk dalam pengadaan alutsista.....
Germany and Australia are the only countries out of 82 surveyed by Transparency International UK with strong anticorruption mechanisms, according to what the watchdog calls the first index of how governments counter corruption in defense.
Fifty-seven of the countries, almost 70 percent, had poor controls against corruption, said the survey, which rated governments by criteria such as strength of parliamentary oversight of defense policy and standards expected of defense firms.
On a scale of A to F, Indonesia scored an E — meaning that it is considered to be at “very high risk” of corruption — along with countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. In terms of political corruption, the report says that the House of Representatives’ Commission I “is seen to perform inconsistently, while the remit of the Corruption Eradication Commission [KPK] does not extend to security.”
A number of civil society groups have accused the Indonesian Defense Ministry for doing markups in several military procurement projects.
In October last year, a coalition of civil groups, such as the Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence (Kontras), reported Defense Minister Purnomo Yusgiantoro to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), citing a discrepancy between the government’s $470 million purchase of six Russian Sukhoi fighter jets and the actual price tag of $328.8 million.
Kontras coordinator Haris Azhar said that in the 2011 revised state budget, the government allocated Rp 237.5 billion ($25 million) for five units of Sukhoi engines. Each jet has two engines.
At the same time, he added, the ministry said it would use $470 million to purchase 12 units of engines on top of six jets.
“This means there was double budgeting,” he said.
Purnomo firmly denied any wrongdoing over the fighters.
In November, Cabinet Secretary Dipo Alam reported a number of lawmakers at Commission I and the Defense Ministry officials to the KPK for collusion in the purchase of Leopard tanks from the Germany.
“With regard to financial integrity, there appears to be no effective control or oversight of asset disposals, with strong suspicions of related impropriety,” the report said about Indonesia, adding that “purchases from suppliers belonging to a range of countries are publicly announced and covered in the media. Yet corruption is known to be heavy, lifting prices and creating uncertainty on the validity of procurement processes.”
The 82 countries surveyed account for 94 percent of global military expenditure in 2011, worth $1.6 trillion, while the global cost of corruption in the defense sector is estimated to be at least $20 billion a year, the watchdog said.
Mark Pyman, director of Transparency International UK’s defense and security program, said he hoped the survey would help to improve anticorruption policies.
Corruption is dangerous, he said, because troops “may well have equipment that doesn’t work.”
Countries with poor anticorruption controls included two-thirds of the largest arms importers assessed in the survey and half of the biggest arms exporters.
China, Russia and Israel, all leading arms exporters, were considered to be at high risk of corruption in their defense sectors. Among top arms importers, India, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Thailand and Turkey were in the high-risk category.
Nine countries — Algeria, Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Libya, Syria and Yemen — are at “critical risk” of corruption in their defense sector, lacking basic accountability measures, the survey said.
The United States, Britain, Sweden and South Korea were among countries judged to be at low risk, while France, Spain, Italy and Poland are in the moderate-risk group.
The survey looked not only at the potential for corruption in defense contracts, but also the risk of abuse of defense budgets and risk of corruption in the armed forces.
Governments surveyed were given the chance to review Transparency International’s findings.
Pyman said a “shocking” result of the survey was that in half of the countries surveyed, the defense budget was either not public or contained no breakdown of defense spending.
Only 12 percent of countries surveyed had “highly effective” parliamentary scrutiny of defense policy and only a handful protected whistleblowers.
Europe has seen a recent wave of high-profile cases of alleged corruption in defense.
sumber: http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/...ruption/568418
==========================
dan kpk susah masuk dalam pengadaan alutsista.....
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